Health Insurance and Medicare

This presentation involved an interview with Gerry Flanagan. She is an agent with Human where she specializes in Medicare advantage plans. She and I worked together In Florida, Alabama, and Georgia as Insurance agents. She was my supervisor and a good friend. During the Interview, Gerry and discussed the three issues that agents and supervisors face In the industry. Licensing, MedicareMedical regulations, and how the Affordable Care Act would change Medicare. Licensing Is a big Issue, as there Is a lot to do to get a license. First, a person must complete a background check.This requires a fee and a fingerprinting process. Twenty-four pre-licensing courses must be completed. These classes involve life, accident, health, and annuity education. Once these are completed a state exam must be passed in order to hold a license. Many people are not aware of all the requirements involved. Gerry gets to weed out those not meeting the basic elements to be an agent. Medicare has changes that oc cur yearly, agents have a lot of rules they have to follow. Center for MedicareMedicaid Services (CAMS) does a good job of protecting seniors.There are certain ways to handle clients. Agents cannot call them. We use to do a lot of cold calling when we got leads. Everyday seniors could get many calls from agents trying to get them to sign up for their plan. This created a lot of frustration and contusion tort seniors. Some other things that are restricted: we could not buy them lunch to hear our sales-pitch or offer them a gift tort listening. CAMS makes these rules & If you don't follow them, pay a fine or you could lose your license. Basically, Medicare Is a health Insurance plan you pay Into prior to retirement.It has 4 parts A, B, C, ; D. There Is an annual enrollment period, which this year Is 10/15-12/7. Ten thousand Baby Boomers will age In everyday between the years 2012-2031. This Is an amazingly large amount of people to have in the system. Medicaid is an income-based insur ance plan. It can help with fees for all parts of Medicare. There are 4. 6 million seniors that qualify for Medicaid. Of those, there are 3. 7 million seniors that have a disability of some form. All together, there are 8. 3 million seniors that meet the criteria for both Medicare and Medicaid, being dually eligible.The Affordable Care Act will have a big effect Medicare. It will provide an out- of-pocket expense at a cap of $6700. The new Annual Enrollment Period is now 10/1 5-12/07/2012. It gives a reduction of donuts-hole costs. There will be an increase in premiums for seniors with higher incomes. CA will provide more managed care than fee for service in health care services. Advisory boards implemented that will attempt to reduce spending per person. Providers will have an Accountable Care Organization where they agree to be more accountable for over-all Medicare infirmaries w/ their primary care physician.Finally, an insufficient care clause where there Is a 1% reduction In pa yment for excessive admittance of seniors. Most of these parts are to be In effect by 2015. This concluded my Interview with Casey. Being a former agent, I know the importance of being informed about Medicare. Seniors would wait patiently for me as I worked with clients Just to ask a question. I want to briefly go over Medicare ; shed some light. Odds are that you will know someone turning 65 this year. Medicare NAS 4 parts ; D Witt each avian a different function and fees.You must be 65 years old or have a disability. Part A is the hospital care received as inpatient, a skilled nursing facility, hospice, or home care. No fee is required if you paid into the system prior to retirement, if not $AAA month is the fee currently. With Part B, which is the medical part of Medicare, seniors will pay 104. 90 a month with a $147 deductible. You have a deductible for Part A as well per benefit period, which begins when you are admitted and ends when you are discharged 60 day consecutively. Th ese can be many per year as well. For days 1-60, there is a deductible of $1184.For days 61-90, expect a $296 coinsurance per day per benefit period. For day 91 and over, there is a $592 coinsurance per â€Å"lifetime reserve days†. A senior can have 60 over the scan of their lifetime. These 2 parts are known as Original Medicare. It has three key gaps with additional expense: prescription drugs are not covered, Parts A and B have out of pocket costs, and there is no cap on annual out of pocket expenses. Part C is seniors' Medicare Advantage or Media-gap policies. These options are extremely important as Original Medicare can get very expensive.Both of these choices offer the same benefits as Original Medicare but some offer additional benefits like vision and dental and have a cap on out of pocket expense set at $6700 with Medicare Advantage. Media-gap policies are more expensive but have more benefits. They offer that same basic benefits like host, med, but can cover 100% o f costs associated with health care. Prices can start as low as $75 a month. Some of the basic benefits are hospitalizing of Part A coinsurance plus 365 additional days after Medicare benefits ND.The first three pints of blood are covered each year. Hospice is covered through part A coinsurance. Each Media-gap policy has many plans. Plan A-N can be chosen depending on the need and can pay up to 100% of coinsurance & deductibles, 50-75% of fees for SIN, provide coverage for foreign travel. Prices can start at $75 a month. There are many plans to choose from. It pays to do some research. Medicare Part D is prescription drug coverage. Seniors must enroll when they turn 65 years old or will face penalty of $31. 17, plus a premium each month.Monthly premiums are based on a senior's income. The yearly deductible is $320. However, some plans have $0 escapements or deductibles. However, this depends on formula and tier of drug. Part D plans can cover costs in the coverage gap, called the â €Å"Donuts Hole†. So let's talk about the â€Å"Donuts Hole†. All costs do not include a deductible. From $0-$2930 is spent, seniors are in the gap. In there, seniors will receive 52. 5% discount on drugs. This is an out of pocket expense. After seniors spend $4700, they come out of the â€Å"donuts hole†.Then seniors qualify for catastrophic coverage for medicine. They will then pay a small Coplay or coinsurance for remainder of the year for all medication. In summary, do your homework and read all you can to learn about Medicare and the costs associated with it. Start preparing now; it is never too early to start. Try to stay updated each year with all the changes. You can check an agent's license at this website: http://insurance. KY. Gob/Agent/Default. Asps? Manuel=46;Diva_id=2 . All information with this presentation was verified through the Medicare. Gob website.

Human Observation

Mobile phones are conveniences but can impinge on the privacy of other people. Generally every place of public interaction regulates that people should switch of their mobile phones. However it is observed that this code of conduct is constantly violated. (Ralph, 2002). Repeated violations of this prime principle of mobile phone etiquette have led to its inclusion time and again in all dictums on the subject. (Briody, 2005). People generally tend to avoid switching off mobile phones in, â€Å"no cell phone calls† zone due to anxiety or fear of losing contact with the support group. II. Theory.Despite accepting the necessity of switching off mobile phones in public places, people do not comply with the same resulting in avoidable irritation. This violation of modern etiquette is an increasing trend. (Morgan, 2001). Constant connectivity provided by a utilitarian communication device creates unprecedented dependency on mobile phone in users, the absence of which leads to anxiety . Thus people tend to avoid switching off mobile phones in public places. III. Hypothesis. Students entering the library on the college campus will not switch of their mobile phones on entry as required by the library code of conduct.The scope of the study is restricted to students entering the Library and not to college professors or other staff. Library Code of Conduct. Library code of conduct requires mobile phones to be switched off to prevent disturbing fellow students. Adopting the silent, meeting or vibrator mode on the phone does not construe as switching off the mobile phone as the user can receive an indication of a call and would be tempted to converse on the phone leading to disturbance to other library users. IV.Procedure or Methodology. The investigator placed himself in the main hall of the library during the week end on Saturday and Sunday during the library working hours from 1000 hours to 1400 hours on both days. An assistant was placed in the second reading room o n the first floor during the same time to record findings. They could visually see a student on entrance and thus note whether he had put off his mobile phone or not. They could also hear ring tone of mobile phone in their respective areas.The investigator also arranged to obtain mobile phone numbers of all students based on their library records for this investigation against an integrity certificate that this information would not be used for any other purpose. The investigators noted the name of the student who was not seen switching off his mobile phone on entry in the library and having tallied his phone number from library records awaited for a ring tone on the subject’s mobile phone.After passage of one hour, the investigator(s) rang up the mobile phone number of the student carrying the phone without switching off and who had not received a call to confirm that he was indeed carrying his phone and had not switched it off. A tally sheet was used to record details of st udents who visited the library during the period, students who had switched off the mobile phone on entry, those who had not switched off the phone and received a call, those who were called by the investigators and responded, those called by the investigators and who did not respond.The gender and term record of students was also maintained. V. Results. 52 Students used the library on Saturday and 48 students used the library on Sunday from 1000 hours to 1400 hours on each day. The results of students observed on Saturday indicated that 13 students switched off their mobile phones on entering the library, 34 students attended the calls including 28 student’s calls not initiated by the investigators and 6 student’s calls initiated by the investigators. 5 students did not attend any calls in the library and presumably did not carry mobile phones.(Baseline Information Observation, 2006). The result of students observed on Sunday indicated that 11 students switched off th eir mobile phones on entering the library, 33 students attended the calls including 24 student’s calls not initiated by the investigators and 9 student’s calls initiated by the investigators. Only 4 students did not attend any calls in the library. The gender pattern of 13 students who had switched off their mobile phones on Saturday indicated that 9 were female and 4 were male. While of the 11 students on Sunday, 8 were female and 3 were male.The gender pattern of 34 students who attended calls on Saturday indicated that 22 were female and 12 were male. While of the 33 students who attended calls on Sunday 19 were female and 14 were male. The term pattern of the 13 students who had switched off their mobile phones on Saturday indicated that 9 were IInd term or higher and 4 were first term students. The term pattern of students who had switched off their mobile phones on Sunday indicated that 8 were IInd Term or higher and 3 were first term students.The Term pattern of the 34 students who attended calls on Saturday indicated that 21 were first term students and the remainder were IInd Term or higher. The Term pattern of students who attended calls on Sunday indicated that 15 were first term students while remainder were IInd Term or higher. VI. Discussion The results of students who had switched off telephones analyzed from gender pattern indicate that on Saturday 69 percent and on Sunday 72 percent were female. While the gender pattern of those attending calls on Saturday indicated that 65 % were female and 35 % male and on Sunday 58 % were female and 42 % male.The term pattern of students who had switched off mobile phones indicated that only 30 percent were first term students and the balance were IInd Term or higher on both days. While those who attended calls indicated that 61 % were first term student and the remainder were IInd Term or higher. A review of the results has proved the hypothesis that students entering the library on the colle ge campus will not switch of their mobile phones on entry as required by the library code of conduct. The results clearly indicate that a majority of students did not switch off their mobile phones on entering the library.This percentage was 75 % on Saturday and 77 % on Sunday. Of those who had not switched off their mobile phones in the library, 87 % attended to a call in the library violating norms on Saturday and 89 % on Sunday. The review of the gender pattern and the term pattern of students indicates that the tendency amongst females to switch off mobile phones was higher than males while first term students were prone not to switch off their sets on entering library. On the other hand amongst those who attended to calls in the library, a majority were female and first term students.This supports the premise that there is a possible link between the level of anxiety and tendency not to switch mobile phones on entering a no calls zone for fear of losing contact with the support group even for a limited period of time thereby missing important information or happening in their lives. The first term and female students are considered more vulnerable amongst the student community. The results attained could not be discussed directly with the participants to further seek their underlying assumptions and reasons for not switching off mobile phones and attending to calls in the library.This would have added greater credibility to the research but due to constraints could not be done so. Behavior Change VII. State the Problem. Observation results support the theory that due to high levels of anxiety people generally do not switch of their mobile phones on entering no call zones. The dependency syndrome created by the mobile phone thus needs to be altered. (Harrison, 2000). VIII. Theory. Mobile phones reduce anxiety and hence people tend to avoid switching them off even while inside a no call zone. Communicating with ones peer group is an essential feature of anx iety.Mobile phones enable us to remain connected with our support group at all times which indicates that in case people remain close to their in group, there would be reason to believe that they will comply with instructions on cell phone etiquette. IX. Hypothesis. Students entering the college library will switch of their mobile phones in case they come to the library with their, â€Å"in† group. The, â€Å"in† group comprises of those students who provide primary support in college. X. Procedure or Methodology The focus group was the first term students of the college.Library attendance was planned in groups for the first term. This was done with the assistance of the college administration on two days a Saturday and Sunday from 1000 to 1400 hours. The cooperation of the college administration was forthcoming given the pay offs of better mobile phone discipline in the college library. The first term students were selected keeping in view their greater likelihood to use mobile phones when staying away from their support group. The investigator along with the assistant retained a record as indicated in IV above.XI. Results. Six small first term groups attended the library on Saturday and five groups on Sunday. Each group comprised of three to four students, thereby total sample in a day varied from 15 to 20 students. The groups were comprised evenly of both the genders and gender comparison has not been undertaken. Of the six groups on whom data was gathered on Saturday, all students in four groups had switched off their mobile phones on entering the library. Two students one each from the other two groups did not switch off their mobile phones.Both the students attended to calls which were external and not from the investigators. Of the five groups on whom data was collected on Sunday, all students in four groups switched off their mobile phones on entering the library. One student from the fifth group did not switch off his mobile phone. The s tudent attended to the call from an external source. XII. Discussion The overwhelmingly positive response of the student groups indicates that when these students did not feel anxiety to communicate with their peers on telephone, their adherence to the rules was much better.There were only three students who violated the code. Each of these had received an external call. This indicates likelihood of their expecting calls other than from their, â€Å"in† group and thus leading them to carry their mobile phones. Thus an effective link of reduction of anxiety through availability of mobile phones has been clearly established, while at the same time there is a clear correlation of a high degree of dependence on mobile phones in people which needs to be overcome with more structured corrective interventions.The evolution of such interventions could form a further subject of research as the problem of mobile phone call interruptions is a perpetual one. While technology has attempte d to resolve the same through measures such as silent mode, behavioral interventions also need consideration which can be a subject of structured research. Reference 1. Morgan, John. (2001). Debrett's New Guide to Etiquette and Modern Manners. New York: Thomas Dunne. 2. Harrison, Linda (2000). The dos and don'ts of mobile phone etiquette. Retrieved on 02 January 2007 from http://www.theregister. co. uk/2000/06/01/the_dos_and_donts/. 3. Ralph, Louise. (2002). Look who’s talking: mobile phone etiquette. Retrieved on 02 January 2007 from http://www. econnect. com. au/pdf/quicktips/mobile. pdf. 4. Briody, Dan. (2005). The Ten Commandments of cell phone etiquette. Retrieved on 02 January 2007 from http://www. infoworld. com/articles/op/xml/00/05/26/000526opwireless. html. 5. Baseline Information Observation. (2006). Observations recorded during experiment. 6. Behavior Change. (2006). Observations recorded during experiment.

The importance of Theology for Counseling Essay

The importance of Theology for Counseling - Essay Example Other factors that may relate to therapists' use of theology interventions in counseling, such as their professional beliefs, attitudes, or values regarding religious and spiritual interventions; clinical training involving religious issues; or personal counseling experiences with a therapist who used religion and spirituality in counseling, have yet to be investigated. The purpose of the current paper is to examine the importance of theology in counseling. First, we review the research previously done in theology for counseling, further we present the importance of theology in counseling of depression. The most frequently identified factor associated with the use of theology in counseling has been therapists' personal religious attitudes or behaviors. Church attendance and personal religious behaviors, in particular, correlate with therapists' use of religious and spiritual interventions in counseling. For example, Shafranske and Malony (1990b) surveyed 409 clinical psychologists and found that greater involvement in organized religion correlated .27 with the use of religious and spiritual interventions. Jones et al. ... f four religious behaviors (i.e., personal prayer and Bible study, church attendance, participation in church activities, and financial contributions to church) correlated .41 with the use of religious and spiritual interventions in counseling. The use of theology in counseling has also been found to relate to therapists' religious attitudes. In two separate surveys of 409 and 47 clinical psychologists, Shafranske and Malony (1990a, 1990b) found that clinical psychologists who approached religion in terms of answering personal questions of meaning rather than religious affiliation were more likely to use religious and spiritual interventions in counseling and to consider themselves competent to use such interventions. In a similar vein, DiBlasio and his colleagues (DiBlasio, 1993; DiBlasio & Benda, 1991; DiBlasio & Proctor, 1993) found in several studies of social workers and marriage and family therapists that therapists who endorsed a greater degree of what they termed "religious openness" were more likely to use forgiveness as an intervention in counseling. Thus, previous research has found that both religious attitudes (particularly attitudes of openness and of gaining personal meaning from religion) and religious behaviors have correlated with the use of religious and spiritual interventions in counseling. Among religious behaviors, both church attendance and personal religious behaviors, such as personal prayer and personal Bible study, have been particularly relevant to the use of religious and spiritual interventions in counseling. Of relevance to our study is the fact that previous studies have typically examined religious attitudes or religious behaviors independently of each other rather than examining them concurrently. Worthington, Kurusu, McCullough,

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay Example These automobile producers include Ford, Toyota, Volkswagen BMW and several others which rely on the quality products produced by Magna. With the help of its technologies Magna is able to develop a variety of products including exterior, interior, metal body, front models, rear models, lighting components and several others. Magna is also known for its assembling of these products together to produce an automobile which can meet the requirements of the modern day society. Although the company went through an era of considerable losses in 2008, it still was able to grasp a profit of nearly $51 million by the end of September 2008. This clearly shows that the company is growing more and more day by day generating more profits so as to fulfill its aim of achieving the right profitability rate. Unlike other companies, Magna International Inc. does not follow a mission statement with inflexible approaches. It, as a substitute, uses its ‘corporate constitution’ and its ‘ Employees’ Charter’ as its responsibilities and line of action. The corporate constitution of Magna International included the rights and responsibilities of its workers, declaration of management’s involvement in profits and development of the business, and description of disciplines on management. Their culture and responsibility, hence, is to keep a balanced behavior with management, workers and investors. The operating philosophy and culture of Magna International is based on the fairness of treatment, equality of opportunities to all employees and a collaborative approach to work for the good of the organization. It gives ample space to the employees in order to increase its efficiency and provides a flexible approach to the wants of employees, shareholders and management. The aim of Magna is to become a leading supplier of automobile parts but keeping the integrity and fairness in the treatment of its organizational workers and other stakeholders. The comp any has expanded throughout these years and has now been able to develop 242 manufacturing operations all over the world. Magna International in order to achieve its aim has to operate in a proper international, regional and industrial environment. The industrial environment of the company includes the working level of the employees and the potential to which they can work at. The industrial environment of Magna International is modified in such a way so that their employees are able to work at their maximum potential. The industrial environment of Magna includes its fair working policies and other programs which tend to encourage employee participation. Moreover an Employee Charter which was introduced in 1988 helps them to achieve this target of fairness and balanced industrial environment. As the company has expanded all over the world it applies to all the principles and laws of different nations. To do so the company makes sure that it is competitive enough to launch its manufa cturing plants in certain countries and that its routine activities in that particular area are successful enough. The company has developed such policies which help them to further expand in these countries and cope up on the level of international scenario. The company strictly follows the laws and economic policies of the country in which it develops its plants. Similarly it also adheres to the factor of language as per the country

How does the portable smart phones or computers make easy for doctors Essay

How does the portable smart phones or computers make easy for doctors to not be on the sceen but still assist nurses, EMT's, etc - Essay Example Boone 13). Through technological advancement, the treatment may be conducted through communication being that some of the required treatment gadgets are available within the health centre. Through online doctoral services surgical operations maybe done by the doctor online or the instructions maybe received through online services being that the nurse may not be able to withhold all the instructions that maybe given through online calls (Chayko 18). Through the introduction of PDA, I phones, 3 & 4 G devices an online doctor should be able to give I instruction to the nurse being that this is the same procedure that the nurse assists the doctor to perform (Wang 04). Education Through smart phones and computers doctors are able to carry out online trainings on how to handle specific procedure within the health institutions so that there would be reduction in number of doctors within the health centers at the same time while there are other patients suffering in different places over th e world. Due to clarity of pictures and sound, the doctors can accurately convey treatment information within the shortest time possible so that immediate action be taken to salvage the patient’s health status that could have worsen leading to more complications (Gary B. Shelly 34). Early treatment is better regardless of how scary it maybe, doctors believe in performing first aid before hospitalizing any patient who sufferers from accidents and severe injuries which are likely to lead to blood wastage which could lead to instant death. In the five forces model representing the operations in a health centre, we consider utilizing the buyer branch of the model in order to compare the Monash health centre to other health centers in connection with the use of smart phones and computer in distance diagnostics (Karl Barksdale 38). In order to outdo the competitors in the medical field, Health centre has involved the services of virtual doctors who are cheap compared to hiring a do ctor to come to the hospital. However, in order to perfectly test the online services, it happened by coincidence that the qualified doctor in the specified field was away, being that we had anticipated such situations; the doctor was contacted through phone (Gary B. Shelly 42). The challenge that our competitors in the medical field are not able to catch up with is the purchasing of online communication and diagnostic gadgets that are able to encored information, process and decode the output in then language that a doctor can understand. This has greatly helped the company despite the high cost involved in purchasing the gadget (Chayko 20). Smart gadgets Through availability of wireless network cards doctors are able to communicate with the nurses through both voice and data so as to elaborate the procedure well that the interpreter may not forget about the information that is sent both through voice and data. Through submission of both online movies and book reviews. The video ch art programs are well illustrated to ascertain that the information to be conveyed (Louis E. Boone 49). Through the clear pictures it would be possible to sit as we wait so that water drains out of the labella that had battery. The reason behind the preference of computers and smart phones is that they have a lot of good pictures and audio sounds. Through the involvement of smart phones and computer is also influenced by the quality of information being conveyed

The effects of The Treaty of Paris on The United States Essay

The effects of The Treaty of Paris on The United States - Essay Example the Conference have been usually labeled as failure because the treaties signed during the Paris negotiations did fail to secure peace in Europe in the long-term (MacMillan & Holbrooke 2001). The reasons for the failure were at least twofold: (1) the range of problems the negotiating parties had to deal with at that difficult time were too complicated and often defied effective solutions; (2) although several nations participating in the conference benefited more than others under the conditions of the peace treaties the amount of disagreement and controversy involved in each negotiated issue was huge, particularly in such critically important aspect as treating Germany. Although the common goal of the leaders involved in the Paris negotiations was apparently to restore peace and stability in Europe, the Conference immediately exposed serious disagreement between the Allies concerning how to treat Germany. The views were highly contradictory with the Big Three leaders balancing between the long-term political benefits for their countries, almost always varying and often conflicting interests of their partners, and the public opinions of their nations (Henig 1995). As a result, majority of the participants failed to full achieve their goals, and the effects of the Treaty on each nation were vastly different. The seriousness of President Wilson’s intentions during the Conference was evident: he became the first American President to ever visit Europe while in office (McMillan 2001: 3) while the US mission in Paris included almost 1300 members at its peak (Gelfand, 1963). Wilson came up with the famous Fourteen Points program that was supposed to become the foundation for a peace program. The Fourteen Points included the following items: However, the Fourteen Points of President Wilson reflected his excessively idealistic and pacifist views on the political situation in Europe. Perhaps that is the key reason for largely unsuccessful effort of the American mission

Management of Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management of Processes - Essay Example However, the pressure of globalization and foreign competition had a big impact on the revenues of these companies (Emmons, Garry 2006). Lack of vision, corporate bureaucracy, bloated product lines or overcapacity, and lack of proper business management process started pulling down the sales of the American auto majors. Where the American auto companies lost, The Japanese auto major - Toyota - gained. Toyota acquired a significant market share by exporting attractive, low-cost, fuel-efficient vehicles to America. The Japanese auto giant achieved this by focusing on refreshing their products and having the flexibility in their factories. It stressed on the importance of lean manufacturing process and evolved the Toyota Production System (TPS). The company prefers to customize existing systems and equipment rather than installing the latest fancy technology. Their plants are in a state of continual improvement and repurposing, with input from everybody. Toyota uses technology not only in the manufacturing process, but also in engineering and designing. The objective of the 14 Principles of the Toyota Way is to base management decisions on a philosophical sense of purpose and think long term, to have a process for solving problems, to add value to the organization by developing its people, and to recognize that continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning (Liker, J. 2004). Behind Toyota's assembly line are sophisticated information systems supporting and enabling the business processes that help the automaker eliminate waste, limit inventory buildup and continually improve production. The main idea behind this business process management [BPM] is to blend machine-to-machine and human-to-machine connections to improve efficiency. What drives Toyota is its presumption of imperfection. The management encourages its work force to design and implement processes that help in getting it right the first time by reducing errors. It stress on continuous improvement and a pervasive lack of complacency with whatever was accomplished yesterday. B200 - Understanding Business: Processes Business organizations are considered as complex assemblies of interrelated sets of activities in which inputs are converted into outputs. This section helps us understand how business organizations apply the systems theory to perform their activities. It focuses on the importance of processes, and the resources that are needed for organizational success. Business management is now a systematic, methodical process that guarantees efficiency and effectiveness. Dr. Fahad Al Mekrad has discussed this topic at length in one of his works (B200 - Understanding Business: Processes). Transformation Process Model Organizations perform as systems and all parts the organization are operations. Organizations can either be 'closed or 'open' systems. Closed systems are completely self-supporting, while open systems interact with their environment. Open systems receive inputs from their environment, convert these inputs into outputs, and discharge their outputs into their environment. All operations are based on this input-transformation-output model. Competing on Capabilities The building blocks of corporate strategy are not products and markets, but

The effect of increased bank deposits ration with Chinese Central Bank Essay

The effect of increased bank deposits ration with Chinese Central Bank - Essay Example The effect of increased bank deposits ration with Chinese Central Bank If Chinese banks make more deposits with the central, the level of their total assets increase by the amount of deposits made to the central bank. Consequently, the central bank’s liabilities increase by the same amount of banks deposits. In most cases, the move will ensure that excess reserves within the banking system are reduced. In fact, banks will have to reduce their lending to households and firms by an equivalent amount deposited with the central bank. This policy measure could be realized if the central bank opts to sell bonds to banks from its portfolio to reduce excess reserves. For instance, the central bank might sell government bonds from available portfolios and the bonds could in turn be purchased by Chinese commercial banks. When banks make bonds payments by depositing an equivalent amount in reserves to the central bank, banks liabilities will increase by the amount of deposits made to the central whereas assets will increase by the amount of interest bearing bonds. However, the central bank’s assets will increase by the amount of deposits made while the assets will reduce by an equivalent amount of bonds issued. There are also numerous economic impacts ensuing from the decision made by People’s Central Bank. The effects are apparently depicted on the economic equilibrium (GDP) and expenses incurred. Indeed, the People’s Central Bank decision announcement that banks needs to hold extra deposits with China’s central bank causes considerable economic impact.

Siebel Forced-Ranking System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Siebel Forced-Ranking System - Essay Example In a sense, force ranking is a more truthful way of implementing performance management. Managers are forced to differentiate talent and the process of forced ranking also forces managers to spot and champion talent. Since the forced-ranking system requires that criteria for ranking need to be set first and foremost, the system also provides information that conventional performance appraisal systems cannot. The deliberations among managers in determining criteria help them define and understand what are important for success of the organization. Subsequently, knowing the criteria that managers use to appraise performance increases the probability that employees will adjust their behavior in order to succeed. A forced-ranking system can also provide an independent verification of performance appraisal data. Significant variations in the talent data provided by the performance appraisal system and the data provided by the forced ranking process should be worth delving into. Better performing employees may be motivated by a forced-ranking system because they feel appreciated and not treated in the same way as underperformers. In terms of teamwork and collaboration, forced-ranking may also have a positive effect, because those who do not want to cooperate with the team or in a collaborative effort are eliminated. Organiz Organizations implementing forced-ranking may be attractive to high-quality job applicants who would see such a system as one where their contributions would be recognized and rewarded and would therefore be eager to work for the organization, thereby improving the overall quality of the applicant pool. Company investors may view a forced ranking system as management's commitment to accountability and to operations efficiency. Cons May be unfair to people performing at an acceptable level, with attendant legal repercussions in terms of human rights. May create an unhealthy star-cult culture. It may not possible to continually improve the overall potential of a workforce by removing the bottom dwellers and replacing them with better employees. As standards are raised, it would be more difficult to find applicants to replace those that have been removed. A job applicant who is aware that an employer uses a forced ranking system may feel that such a culture would be stressful or risky, and not consider the organization, causing the loss of high-potential applicants. Shareholders might not agree with a forced ranking system because of potential lawsuits or other negative consequences. Some companies using forced ranking have become embroiled in discrimination lawsuits brought by employees upset over dismissal or lower pay (Levinson, 2003). The system may create a dysfunctional, hypercompetitive work environment where employees refused to collaborate with one another, such as hoarding knowledge or hoarding customers,

Description of four specific ways in which Neuman's HCSM could be used Dissertation

Description of four specific ways in which Neuman's HCSM could be used to improve nursing practice - Dissertation Example 242). The HCSM in Nursing Paradigms The field of nursing usually utilizes four paradigms or concepts in its practice, namely, the person or client, environment, health, and nursing itself. These concepts are defined in Neuman’s model, according to how it is applied in organizing the structure of the profession. As presented by Neuman and Fawcett, the client may be a person, family, group, or community, and there is the need for a clear definition of who are included in the client system and how they relate to other members (as cited in Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2010, p. 79). The client or client system is then viewed in five variables, which are the physiologic, psychologic, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual aspects. The environment is described as all internal and external factors that surround the client, while health is connected to both wellness and illness. Wellness is the client’s system to remain stable at any given time, and illness is the failure to ach ieve homeostasis in the presence of stressors. Nursing, on the other hand, is concerned with assessing the client in response to stressors, and assisting him to cope with them according to the three levels of prevention in order to achieve the optimum degree of wellness.

Robert Frost Poetry Coursework Essay Example for Free

Robert Frost Poetry Coursework Essay Robert Lee Frost was an American Poet born in San Francisco, his life spanned from March 26th, 1874 to January 29th, 1963. He moved to New England with his family when he was eleven years old. He discovered his love of reading and writing poetry during his high school years when he was in Lawrence, Massachusetts. After Harvard he began writing his own poetry but it was only after his conference with the poet Edward Thomas in London that he truly discovered his voice. On his return to America he published two collections of poems, the most famous of which was North of Boston. The two poems I will be looking at are Home Burial and Mending Wall. The very first thing I noticed about the two of these poems is that they are both examples of the breakdown of communication between people. The first poem Home Burial is an example of an eclogue. The title Home Burial has both connotations of a warm, comfortable home and also a burial, which is both related with death and mourning. It is on the whole written in dialogue but has some narrative. The second poem Mending Wall and its title have meanings on human communication also. Mending meaning to fix and also it is present tense meaning its ongoing and Wall is an object that can be used either as a barrier between humans or something to keep them together. Many people say this poem is Frosts most enduring and most typical dramatic monologue I will look at Home Burial first and display Frosts ideas on human understanding and contact first. By starting the poem with He this already seems to make the man the main character even though her is at the top of the stairs making her the more dominant of the two. She in unconscious of him, but when she realises he might be there she looks over her shoulder at some fear however if they are married why does she fear him? He then asks her what is it you see from up there always? for I want to know. (at this point the dominant role is passed onto him) which shows that they have never actually talked about why she always looks out that window until that moment. At the same moment she no longer fears him and her faces turns from terrified to dull when she realises he is only being curious. However he then asks her again and mounts over her until she is cowering meaning she fears him. This shows that he feels the only way to get it out of her is to frighten her. But this contradicted right away when he says I will find out now you must tell me, dear. The use of the comma and word dear shows that he is now trying to appear as non-threatening to her. However even this doesnt work as she refused him any help. She seems very stuck to being misunderstood and even when he tries to help her, she will not help, in the hope that he will discover it himself but she knows he wont. She even lets him look out knowing that he wont see because he is a blind creature. However after a while of looking out he says oh [] its just that I can see. However by this point the word see has lost a lot of its meaning by being repeated so often. But even after saying this she challenges him on what he sees by saying you dont [] tell me what it is He then launches into how he would have noticed it, had it not blended in with the background. But whilst talking he upsets her by talking about their child in the grave almost in passing. Its not the stones, but the childs mound The man is shocked when she starts telling him to stop and asks why he cant mention his late son. She then, instead of staying and communicating to him, decided to leave for some fresh air. But he then tells her how she should stay and talk to him instead of bringing their problems to other people. He then tells her how he would like to ask her something to which she replies that he doesnt know how to ask. This to me shows that she knows what he is going to ask before he actually does, so I think although they dont talk they do have an understanding of each other even if its on a small level. She then says My words are always nearly an offense. This illustrates how even if he does try to communicate she does not listen or else does not take the correct meaning from what he says and just sees the negative side from everything he says. He then says a man must give up being a man with womenfolk. This brings in the subject if gender can be a barrier between human communication and understanding. But there is also a meaning in the subtext of how he doesnt think any of the blame should be put on him because she finds everything he says as offensive. He then goes on to plea for her to speak to him, to give him one more chance to redeem everything that is wrong with their communication problems, but she needs to stop being so over-reactive to everything. His statement evokes a sense of equality as he is saying that he will try to mend his wrong-doings if she agrees to do the same with hers. However once he says that her sense of loss over her child should be satisfied she sees the negativity in this and says that he is sneering. To which he replies Im not, Im not. This shocks me as this is just what they had been discussing about how they should give each other a chance and try and not be so quick to judge each other and straight away they are at it again. This, I think, is the point where the woman begins to truly open up as she then says to her husband about how he should have more to talk about and more to feel about their dead son, especially to the fact that he was the one to bury him. And then she gets even more annoyed by how when he came in from digging the grave he talks off average, mundane even, topics. She then talks of how if he cant grief over his son, he wont be able to grief for anyone, and if he continues like this he will be unaware of how alone he really is. She then remarks, If I can change it. Oh, I wont, I wont! meaning that she will keep to her grief. Then the husband says There, you have said it all and you feel better. You wont go now. Which sounds very patronizing like he wasnt even paying attention and that he only cares that she wont leave the house for people to see her in her state. And then to prove even more that he wasnt paying much attention to what she was saying he says Amy! Theres someone coming down the road! This is exactly what she had been talking about what she hated him doing and he does it. If he did it to annoy her or that he simply wasnt listening to her it isnt apparent, but it shows a great void in their communication and understanding of one another. The woman is so distraught to how he directly ignores everything she was saying that her sentences are all broken up. She then opes the door wider to leave as she is in a frenzy. The poem then ends with him using violence again to try and get her to stay, so even after they had this long and deep conversation they both returned to how they originally dodged conversation, fleeing and using violence. Now I will go onto talk about the poem Mending Wall and how it is used to convey human barriers between communication and understanding. The writer uses first person singular in this poem to create a persona, and so he can put his own views into the poem easily. It begins with Something there is that doesnt love a wall this is an inverted syntax which creates a tone in the poem and contains the word love which is a very strong word especially for an inanimate object like a wall. The next part says that sends the frozen-ground-swell under it; this made me think that he is possibly using frost on purpose as it is his name. It also contains an active verb to create an ongoing sense in the poem. The active verbs are carried on in the next two lines. makes and work these are the two other active verbs. He then says I have come after them and made repair this shows how he and his neighbour have went out year after year to fix this wall. I think the major part of this poem is if the wall is to be thought of as a barrier or as a magnet which almost brings him and his neighbour together. On one level it is separating their homes from one another, but it also brings them together once a year to repair it. Every year he goes to his neighbour and tells him of how the wall is in need of mending again and they both stay on their own side of the wall picking up the rocks which have fallen out and placing them back in. He talks of how they use spells to make the rocks balance, this shows how the persona of the speaker is very imaginative, but it is also shown in the poem how the persona spends a lot of the poem ruminating over different, small things. And then in the actual spell there is an exclamation mark to add to it. He finds it fun calling it an outdoor game almost like how a child would treat it. He is all pine and I am apple orchard. My apple trees will never get across And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him. He only says Good fences make good neighbours. This paragraph I think shows how he wishes to take down the wall, but instead of directly asking him decides to show him that there is no point in keeping the wall. The neighbour replies with a quote which he has obviously learnt from generations before him and hasnt actually put much thought into. I think this is a classic case of how bad communication can come up, this man has no views on the wall and is only using views of which he has heard from his father possibly and doesnt even consider what his neighbour is saying. Before I built a wall Id ask to know What I was walling in or walling out, And to whom I was like to give offence. This is where the poet realises he has no need for this wall and wishes it wasnt there. I also think he is actually offended buy the way his neighbour doesnt want to take it down by the way it says to whom I was like to give offence. There is repetition of the phrase something there is that doesnt love a wall. But this time instead of thinking of an animal I think you are made to think of how the neighbour doesnt listen to the poet and decides to keep the wall up. And however, much he would like to make the neighbour realise the wall is doing no good, he wants him to want the wall down without him saying anything. The poet then notes how his neighbour moves in darkness or in other words is unaware of how there is no need for the wall. So in this poem I think there is a very large barrier in the way of their communication between each other. The poet tries to reason with the neighbour to show there is no need for the wall, but the neighbour prefers to stick with his old quote, because it is one he has already though of a lot. Between these two poems I prefer Mending Wall to Home Burial because of its rhythm throughout it and also I like the very child-like views in it as it makes me feel like I can relate to it more. Home Burial also used terms and wording structure which I found very hard to understand. I think there is also a lot of differences in the culture in these poems and that may determine why the characters could not understand or communicate with each other. The fact that Mending Wall was set in a farmland could mean there is not many other people there and that could determine people and their communication skills. And Home Burial is set between a couple who seem to argue a lot so that doesnt show how every human has trouble understanding each other, just them two.

Astrology and Pagan Symbolism in Christianity

Astrology and Pagan Symbolism in Christianity Astrology and Pagan Symbolism in Christianity First of all we shall start the definitions of the key words as used in the research question. Astrology can be defined as the study of how events on earth correspond to the positions and movements of astronomical bodies which are the moon, sun, planets and the stars. Paganism in general is a term for the ancient and modern religions which identify nature as the body of the divine e.g. Taoism is the paganism of China, Hinduism is the Paganism of India, Shinto the paganism of Japan and Santeria, Voudon Macumba are the paganisms of the African Diaspora; etc On the other hand symbolism is the applied use of symbols i.e iconic representations that carry particular conventional meanings. Symbolism also refers to a way of choosing representative symbols that are in line with the abstract rather than literal properties, allowing for the broader interpretation of a carried meaning than more literal concept-representations can allow. A religion can be described as a language of concepts related to human spirituality. Symbolism hence is an important aspect of most religions. Christianity is the monotheistic system of beliefs and practices that are based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and that emphasizes the role of Jesus as savior and Christ. Discussion Zodiac is one of the oldest conceptual images in human history. It reflects the sun as it figuratively passes through the 12 major constellations over the course of a year. It also reflects the 12 months of the year, the 4 seasons, and the solstices and equinoxes. The term Zodiac relates to the fact that constellations were anthropomorphized, or personified, as figures, or animals. Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary on December 25th/a> in Bethlehem, his birth was symbolized by a star in the east which three kings or magi followed to locate and adorn the new savior. He was a child teacher at age 12 and at the age of 30 he was baptized by John the Baptist, and thus began the ministry. Jesus had 12 disciples whom he traveled about with performing miracles such as healing the sick, raising the dead, walking on water, he was also known as the King of Kings, the Son of God, the Light of the World, the Alpha and Omega, the Lamb of God e.g. After being betrayed by Judas his disciple and sold for 30 pieces of silver, he was crucified, placed in a tomb and after 3 days resurrected and ascended to Heaven. The birth sequence of Jesus is completely astrological. The star in the east is Sirius, the brightest star in the sky at night, which on December 24th aligns with the three brightest stars in Orions Belt. These three bright stars are referred today what they were called in ancient times, The Three Kings. The Three Kings and the brightest star Sirius, all point to the place of the sunrise on December 25th. This is why the Three Kings follow the star in the east, in order to locate the sunrise or the birth of the sun. Virgin Mary is the constellation Virgo, also known as the Virgo the Virgin which in Latin means virgin. The ancient glyph for Virgo is the altered m. This is why Mary with other virgin mothers, such as Adoniss mother Myrrha and Buddhas mother Maya begin with an M. Virgo is also referred to as the House of Bread, and the represents of virgin holding a sheaf of wheat. The House of Bread and its symbol of wheat represent August and September, the time of harvest. In turn, Bethlehem literally translates to house of bread. Bethlehem therefore refers to the constellation Virgo, a place in the sky, not on Earth. Another very interesting phenomenon that occurs around December 25th is that from the summer solstice to the winter solstice, the days become shorter and colder. From the northern hemisphere perspective, the sun appears to move south gets smaller and more scarce. The shortening of days and the expiration of the crops when approaching the winter solstice symbolizes the process of death to the ancients. By December 22nd, the Suns demise was fully realized, for the Sun having moved south continually for 6 months, makes it to its lowest point in the sky. And here a curious thing occurs, the Sun stops moving south, at least for 3 days. In the three day pause, the Sun stays in the vicinity of the Southern Cross, or Crux, the constellation. After this time on December 25th, the Sun moves 1 degree, this time north, foreshadowing longer days, spring and warmth. And thus it was said, the Sun died on the cross, was dead for 3 days, only to be resurrected or born again. This is why Jesus and num erous other Sun Gods share the crucifixion, 3 day death, and resurrection concept. It’s the Suns transition period before it shifts its direction back towards the Northern Hemisphere bringing spring and thus salvation. However, they didn’t celebrate the resurrection of the Sun until the spring equinox, or Easter. This is because at the spring equinox, the Sun officially overpowers the evil darkness, as daytime thereafter becomes longer in duration than night, and the revitalizing conditions of spring emerge. Therefore the obvious astrological symbolism around Jesus regards the 12 disciples. They are simply the 12 constellations of the Zodiac, which Jesus, being the Sun, travels about with. In fact, the number 12 is seen more often throughout the Bible which has more to do with astrology than anything else. Looking at the cross of the Zodiac, the figurative life of the Sun, this was not an artistic expression or tool to track the Suns movements. It is a Pagan adaptation of the cross of the Zodiac. That is why Jesus in early occult art is shown with his head on the cross the Sun of God, the Light of the World, the Risen Savior, who will come again, as it is every morning, the Glory of God who battles against the works of darkness, as he is born again every morning, and can be seen coming in the clouds, up in Heaven, with his Crown of Thorns, or, sun rays. Now, of the many astrological-astronomical metaphors in the Bible, the most important has to do with the ages. In the scriptures there are numerous references ‘Age’. To understand this, we need to familiarize with the phenomenon called the precession of the equinoxes. Ancient Egyptians along with cultures long before them recognized that approximately for every 2150 years the sunrise on the morning of the spring equinox would occur at a different sign of the Zodiac. This is concerned with the slow angular wobble that the Earth maintains as it rotates on its axis. It’s called a precession because the constellations go backwards, rather than through the normal annual cycle. The time that it takes for the precession to go through all 12 signs is roughly 25 to 765 years. This is also called the Great Year, and ancient societies were very aware of this. Each 2150 year period was called an age. From 4300 b.c. to 2150 b.c., it was called the Age of Taurus, the Bull. From 2150 b.c. to 1 a.d., it was called the Age of Aries, the Ram, and from 1 a.d. to 2150 a.d. it was called the Age of Pisces, the age we are still in to date, and in and around 2150, we shall enter the new age called the Age of Aquarius. The Bible reflects a symbolic movement through 3 ages, while foreshadowing a 4th. In the Old Testament when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the 10 Commandments, he was very upset to see his people worshiping a golden bull calf. He reacted by shattering the stone tablets and instructing his people to kill each other in order to purify themselves. I would attribute this anger to the fact that the Israelites were worshiping a false idol or something to that effect. The fact is that the golden bull is Taurus the Bull, and Moses represents the new Age of Aries the Ram. That is why Jews even today still blow the Rams horn. Moses represents the new Age of Aries, and upon the new age, everyone should shed the old age. Other deities mark these transitions as well, a pre-Christian god who kills the bull, in the same symbol. Jesus is the figure who ushers in the age following Aries, the Age of Pisces the two Fish. Fish symbolism is very repetitive in the New Testament. Jesus fed 5000 people with bread and 2 fish. When he began his ministry walking along Galilee, he befriends 2 fishermen, who followed him. I have seen Jesus-fish on the backs of peoples cars. Yet they do not know what it actually means. It is a Pagan astrological symbolism for the Suns Kingdom during the Age of Pisces. Also, Jesus assumed birth date is essentially the start of this age. In Luke 22:10 when Jesus is asked by his disciples where the next Passover will be, Jesus replied ‘Behold, when ye are entered into the city, there shall a man meet you bearing a pitcher of water follow him into the house where he entereth in.’ this scripture is one of the most revealing of all the astrological references. The man carrying a pitcher of water is Aquarius, the water bearer, who is always seen as a man pouring out a pitcher of water. He represents the age after Pisces, and when the Sun leaves the Age of Pisces (Jesus), it will go into the House of Aquarius, as Aquarius follows Pisces in the precession of the equinoxes. Also what Jesus is that after the Age of Pisces will come the Age of Aquarius. We have all heard about the end times and the end of the world. Apart from the depictions in the Book of Revelation, the main source of this idea comes from Matthew 28:20, where Jesus says ‘I will be with you even to the end of the world.’ Otherwise, in King James Version, ‘the world’ is a mistranslation, among many mistranslations. The actual word being used is aeon, which means ‘age.’ ‘I will be with you even to the end of the age.’ Which is true, as Jesus Solar Piscean representation will end when the Sun enters the Age of Aquarius. The entire concept of end times and the end of the world is a misinterpreted astrological allegation. Lets tell that to the approximately 100 million people in America who believe the end of the world is coming. Furthermore, Jesus character, a literary and astrological hybrid, is most explicitly similar to the Egyptian Sun god Horus e.g., inscribed about 3500 years ago on the walls of the Temple of Luxor in Egypt are images of the enunciation of the immaculate conception, the birth, and the adoration of Horus. The images begin with Thaw announcing to the virgin Isis that she will conceive Horus, then Nef the holy ghost shall impregnant the virgin Isis, and then the virgin birth and the adoration. This exactly entails Jesus’ miracle conception. In fact, the literary similarities between the Egyptian religion and the Christian religion are staggering. The plagiarism is continuous. The story of Noah and the Ark is taken directly from the traditions. The concept of a Great Flood is common throughout the ancient world, with over 200 different cited claims in different periods and times. However, one needs look no further for a pre-Christian source than the Epic of Gilgamesh, written in 2600 b.c. In this story is told of a Great Flood commanded by God, an Ark with saved animals on it, and even the release and return of a dove, all held in common with the biblical story, among many other similar occurrences. Then there is the plagiarized story of Moses. Upon Moses birth, it is said that he was placed in a reed basket and set adrift in a river in order to avoid infanticide. He was later rescued by a daughter of a king and raised by her as a Prince. This baby in a basket story was lifted directly from the myth of Sargon of Akkad of around 2250 b.c. Sargon was born, placed in a reed basket in order to avoid infanticide, and set adrift in a river. He was in turn rescued and raised by Akki, a royal mid-wife. Furthermore, Moses is known as the giver of the Ten Commandments. However, the idea of a Law being passed from God to a prophet on a mountain is also a very old motif. Moses is just a law giver in a series of law givers in mythological history. In India, Manou was the great law giver. In Crete, Minos ascended Mount Dicta, where Zeus gave him the sacred laws. While in Egypt there was Mises, who carried stone tablets and upon them the laws of god were written. The Ten Commandments are taken outright from Spell 125 of the Egyptian Book of the Dead. What the Book of the Dead phrased I have not killed Thou shall not kill, I have not told lies became Thou shall not bear false witness I have not stolen became Thou shall not steal,† and so forth. In fact, the Egyptian religion is likely the primary foundational basis for the Judeo-Christian theology. Baptism, afterlife, final judgment, virgin birth and resurrection, crucifixion, the Ark of the Covenant, circumcision, saviors, Holy Communion, the great flood, Easter, Christmas, Passover, and many more, are all attributes of Egyptian ideas, long predating Christianity and Judaism. Justin Martyr, one of the first Christian historians and defenders, said: When we say that Jesus Christ, our teacher, was produced without sexual union, was crucified and died, and rose again, and ascended into Heaven, we propound nothing different from what you believe regarding those who you esteem Sons of Jupiter. In a different writing, Justin Martyr said He was born of a virgin; accept this in similarity with what you believe of Perseus. Its quite obvious that Justin and other early Christians knew how similar Christianity was to the Pagan religions and practices. However, Justin had a solution, as far as he was concerned, the Devil did it. The Devil had the foresight to come before Christ, and create these characteristics in the Pagan world. The Bible is just but an astro-theological literary fold hybrid, just like nearly all religious myths before it. In fact, the aspect of transference, of one characters attributes to a new character, can be found within the bible itself. In the Old Testament theres the story of Joseph. Joseph was a prototype for Jesus. Joseph was born of a miracle birth; Jesus was born of a miracle birth. Joseph was of 12 brothers, Jesus had 12 disciples. Joseph was sold for 20 pieces of silver; Jesus was sold for 30 pieces of silver. Brother Judah suggests the sale of Joseph, disciple Judas suggests the sale of Jesus. Joseph began his work at the age of 30; Jesus began his work at the age of 30. The parallels go on and on. At the time of Jesus, the Mediterranean world was ruled by the Roman Empire. The Romans were pagans, who had their own gods namely; Jupiter, Venus, Mercury and so on. The names of these gods have survived to date in the names of the planets, the days of the week, names of months and general linguistic usage. The other cultures in the area also had their own gods and goddesses, who corresponded more or less to the Roman pantheon. Greek was the language of culture in the Middle East; the main centre was Alexandria in Egypt and the Roman world was one in which trade and religion passed rapidly between the cities and towns along the marvello. Celebrating the Solstice was forbidden by the Church, but many customs survived anyway. In the 4th Century, Pope Julius I declared that 25th December was Jesus birthday and so celebrations were in order. This effectively transformed the Pagan occasion into a Christian holy day (holiday). This was not, however, merely a convenient way to Christianize a Pagan celebration. There is no historical evidence to prove what date Jesus was born on, or the season, or even the year. But after many years of calculation, contemplation and argument, 25th December was assigned. And since the why is more important than the when, that date has been good enough for Christians ever since. Conclusion Paganism has a wider influence on our lives than we might care to think. Take for example, the simple wedding ring. This has profound Pagan origins yet is considered an essential part of the wedding ceremony by many Christians. Overemphasizing the relevance and importance of religious symbols can lead to conflict. Consider the tensions that rose in France during 2004/5, following the banning of Muslim headscarves, Sikh turbans, Jewish skullcaps, large Christian crucifixes, and other conspicuous religious symbols that dont blend into secular state schools5. The headscarf issue resulted in just a handful of school expulsions but more damagingly generated ill-feeling, divided the country and achieved nothing positive. Paganism has had a wide influence on Christianity given the many examples of rites and regalia that support this assertion. And this raises the question: So what? Christians should be cautious about condemning practices as Pagan, just because of their origins. The origins may be interesting, but not so important. What is really important, however, is what we do with these things. References: J. G. Frazer (1993) The Golden Bough, Macmillan Co. Ltd, London R. Graves (1961) the white Goddess, Faber Faber, London A. His lop: (1990) The Two Babylon’s, Loizeaux Brothers; 2nd edition. M. D. Magee Sun Gods as Atoning Saviors an online resource investigating the origins of Christian and Jewish teachings Strabo:( 1982) The Geography of Strabo, Loeb Classical Library Tertullian:( 870) Adversus Judaeos, trans. Rev. S. Thelwall, 1870 B. G. Walker 🙠 1983) the Womans Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets, Harper Row, NY

Theories: Ways to motivate employees

Theories: Ways to motivate employees Ways of motivating employees Motivation of employees is one of the most important processes that managers should develop. An organization is highly dependent on people; therefore, their motivation for higher productivity is crucial for the whole company. Thus, the success of any organization depends on the ability of managers to provide a motivating environment for its employees. Motivated employees are more productive, happier, and stay with the organization longer. One of the primary tasks a manager faces is to find out how to motivate their employees. Different ways of motivating employees are described by academics and business people. The motivation of employees also depends a lot in the culture where the employees reside. Some of the organizations reward their employees according to performance while some others provide only static income and measure the performance according to that. The purpose of this assessment is to describe the common theories of employee motivation and also practical ways of motivat ing employees in an organization regardless of the culture. One of the basic theories of employee motivation is the scientific management whose basis is considering employees as an input to the production of goods and services. The approach stresses on scientific selection, training and development of workers instead of allowing them to choose their own tasks and training methods and its objective is to carry out work in accordance with scientifically devised procedures. One of the pioneers and inventor of scientific approach to management was Frederick Taylor. Frederic Taylor, (1856-1915) was the first to analyze human behavior scientifically with his machine model by making individuals into the equivalent of machine parts. He broke down the tasks to its smallest unit to figure out the best approach. After careful analysis of the job, workers were trained to do only those motions essential to the task. Taylor attempted to make a science for each element of work and restrict behavioral alternatives facing worker and looked at interaction of h uman characteristics, social environment, task, and physical environment, capacity, speed, durability and cost. The overall goal was to remove human variability (Terpstra, 2005). Taylors machine model was a success and did increase production and profitability because rational rules replaced trial and error and management became more formalized which eventually led to increased efficiency. But Taylors treatment of human beings like machines faced resistance from managers and workers who considered this way of working as dehumanization of work. This method also faced stiff group resistance because no one likes to be so close monitored for each little part of the work he/she does. Despite its criticisms, Taylors methods had a great impact on work because he invented a new, efficient and more productive way to work that changed the complete nature of the industry. Before scientific management, departments such as work study, personnel, maintenance and quality control did not exist (Buf ord, 2000). The core elements of scientific management remain popular and have only been modified and updated to suit the current times we live. The second most common and widely know theory of employee motivation is the behavioral approach. Unlike scientific approach behavior approach places emphasis on what motivates people and seeks to identify and account for the specific influences that motivate people. Maslow (1943) put forward the hierarchy of needs theory which saw human needs in the form of a hierarchy, ascending from lowest to the highest. He argued that lower level needs had to be satisfied before the next higher level need and once one set of needs is satisfied, this kind of need ceases to be a motivator. According to Maslow (1943), the five needs are: Physiological needs Safety or Security needs Social Needs Esteem Self actualization Looking at Maslows hierarchy of needs triangle, as each needs are substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. (eg. esteem needs become dominant after social needs are satisfied).Also, when a need gets substantially satisfied, it stops to be motivating. The core of Maslows theory is to focus on finding out the level of hierarchy the person is in and focusing on satisfying his/her needs and the needs above it. Maslows theory of needs has been wider recognized and is being practiced by managers across the globe. The theorys ease of understanding and intuitive logic makes it easy to implement, but there is no empirical evidence to validate the theory and there is no metric to measure the success of the theory after being implemented. In addition to the theories of employee motivation, there are a number of practical ways for managers to motivate their employees. One of the main ways to motivate your employees is make their tasks and activities as fun. Frederick Herzbergs (1959) famous quote says If you want people to do a good job, give them a good job to do. Some workers really want to enjoy the work they do. Many who enjoy the activities they participate in at work look forward to the day each morning. The opposite also can be true when workers dont enjoy the tasks they perform at work, but they may like their social activities after work (football, shows, movies, going out with friends, community events). These are the individuals that get excited at the end of the day knowing that the fun can now begin. Leaders should take notice of these signs. If your workers are more excited at the end of the day (to leave) than they are at the beginning of the day (to arrive), then there is probably a lack of motivation taking place in the area of intrinsic process or fun. Managers should look for tasks which are each of employees favorites, find ways to assign more of the tasks they enjoy and fewer of the ones they dont like to do and also create a good climate in the whole organization. Finally, it is important in this regard to plan social events for your employees, organize a company ball (softball, baseball, basketball, volleyball, football) game, sponsor a company barbecue, take your employees out to dinner or invite them to your house for dinner, and Have company-wide events that are intended to let everyone have fun. Secondly, a motivation factors which is valued a lot especially in the Western culture, is the rewards according to performance. The basic idea is that performance is the responsible factor that leads to intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards and these rewards, along with the equity of individual leads to satisfaction. Hence, satisfaction of the individual depends upon the fairness of the reward (Bowen 1991). Many workers need to know their work will be rewarded to be motivated to perform. Per hour pay is what keeps people coming to work, but this isnt what will motivate them to excel in their work. People motivated by rewards will look beyond whether they are getting something tangible for their work. They will also consider what others are getting for their work and often will compare their output with others. For example, if a worker notices that he or she consistently outperforms coworkers, but knows that those coworkers earn a higher salary, this will not sit well with a person motivated by rewards. In fact, it will make a worker want to work less hard if colleagues earn more without being more productive. The opposite also works against motivating an instrumentally motivated worker. If a worker earns more than a colleague, but is less productive than the other worker, this wont cause this person to work harder. It will not cause this person to change their effort level at all. The reason for this is that if a worker motivated by rewards doesnt think that his or her pay really depends on how well they perform, then they wont be motivated to work harder. Extra effort and hard work will come from these individuals only when it is clearly rewarded and when it will affect their rewards. In addition to rewards and fun, many employees need the respect and upgrade of their reputation. People motivated by reputation have a strong need to enhance their image or esteem with others. There are a lot of people out there who want others to think highly of them. Many people are just plain hungry, starving in fact, for some attention and accolades. Individuals striving for popularity or fame characterize the self-concept external motivation. Many workers will not work hard unless they believe their efforts will be noticed and recognized. Workers often say that their managers dont care for their contribution. Other workers will work hard for a short while until they realize that their boss doesnt verbalize any appreciation for their efforts. When this happens, motivation disappears. People motivated by this source will go to great lengths to save face in the public eye. These are the individuals who take great pride in their appearance, in the clothes they wear, the cars they d rive, the neighborhood they live, and other outward things. These people are seeking approval from others. Thus, managers, in order to motivate employees through reputation, should give workers lots of feedback about the way they are performing, give praise in front of other people, criticize these individuals only in private and never in front of others and give unsolicited compliments and positive reinforcement to workers for jobs with which you are satisfied The last among most common ways of motivating employees, is the purpose. Individuals who are motivated by purpose look beyond themselves. They really arent concerned with their own self-interests or with who may notice what theyve done or whether they are being pushed and challenged. What matters to a person motivated by a strong sense of purpose is that they must believe in what the organization is doing. If they agree with what the company stands for and what the company is trying to do, then they will join in and give their fullest efforts to achieve the organization goals. However, if these individuals dont feel called by the vision or purpose, they will seem rather lethargic or uninterested in whats going on. Instead their best efforts will be reserved for other causes in their lives more deserving of their heart and soul effort. These are the individuals who commonly will work very hard on community-based problems or charity. Goals are important for purpose-driven persons; ther efore, an organizations that has clear mission and vision and also clear goals in implementing their strategies, would help those people and motivate them for further work. To conclude, employee motivation is very important for an organization and for its productivity. There are a number of theories on the employee motivation. The scientific method claims that motivation is the scientific management whose basis is considering employees as an input to the production of goods and services. Unlike scientific approach behavior approach places emphasis on what motivates people and seeks to identify and account for the specific influences that motivate people. In addition to the theories, among the practical methods of employee motivation is that employees should always like what they do in order to achieve optimal productivity. In addition, employees should be rewarded according to their performance, their reputation should be respected and also they should be given a purpose in line with their interests. Following this ways of employee motivation, managers will manage to motivate them and increase their productivity, fruitfulness and create a good climate in their organizations. Works cited: Bowen, B. E., Radhakrishna, R. B. (1991). Job satisfaction of agricultural education faculty: A constant phenomena. Journal of Agricultural Education, 32 (2). 16-22. Buford, J. A., Jr. (2000). Extension management in the information age. Journal of Extension, 28 (1). Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: John Wiley Sons.. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, July 1943. 370-396. Terpstra, D. E. (2005). Theories of motivation: borrowing the best. Personnel Journal, 58. 376.

Essay examples --

The overall attractiveness of the PC manufacturing business is affected by several factors. These include general macroeconomic conditions as well as industry specific factors such as the unique economic features of the industry, competitive forces, forces of change, the market position and expected behavior of the various competitors already in the industry, and the industry’s key success factors. This report examines each of these factors in turn to arrive at an overall assessment of the attractiveness of the industry, and the types of companies that would, or would not be, attracted to it. The analysis starts with an assessment of the macroeconomic conditions affecting the market The PC marketplace has plausibly grasped its maximum penetration in words of households and businesses. At this point, substitute due to wreck and obsolescence due to increasingly demanding requests are the main drivers of new PC by (see Pace of Technical Change – page 15). Substitute reports for 80% of U.S. PC purchases. As countless of these demanding requests are in the home-computer marketplace dema...

The Gender Battle in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein

The Gender Battle in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein The fight for domination amongst the sexes is a battle as old as civilization, where the ideas of gender hierarchies first began. These conflicts often manifest themselves unwittingly through literature, showing subtle signs of deeper tension that has ensued for centuries. The struggle between masculine and feminine becomes apparent through Frankenstein, a battle that results in the death of the potentially most powerful figure in the book. Frankenstein yields characters motivated by complicated thinking, specifically the title character, Victor Frankenstein. Victor is a brilliant 19th century Swiss scientist who succeeds in generating life with electricity, creating a creature that eventually turns on his master and begins a reign of terror wherever he roams. Understanding Victor in relation to feminist studies is possible through examining his actions regarding the monster’s request of Frankenstein to fashion him a partner. Unable to win the love of his maker, Frankenstein, or his makeshift step brother, man, the monster believes the only being capable of loving him would be a creature equally horrifying as himself. Frankenstein initially refuses to comply with the demand because of guilt he already feels for the evil his monster has done. Eventually moved to pity, Frankenstein agrees to design a female on the grounds that she and her mate will "quit the neighbourhood of man" and never be seen again (Shelley 144). Victor partially completes the project before he "[tears] the thing to pieces," reasoning that he cannot have any part of making another creature who, like her mate, could become a "curse upon mankind" (Shelley 144-145). His decision seems noble to the reader, as we... ...ect mankind, but rather a wish to keep order in the masculine world. Destroying the female monster ensures that there is no feminine force created the male counterpart cannot combat, be that Victor or the monster. The female monster is a symbol in Frankenstein of an unstoppable feminine force. Only through the demise of such a character is Victor Frankenstein assured that he has not allowed that force to commandeer the control he and mankind have over femininity. Works Cited Kiely, Robert. The Romantic Novel in England, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1972. Liggins, Emma 2000. 'The Medical Gaze and the Female Corpse: Looking at Bodies in Shelley's Frankenstein' Studies in the Novel, number 32: 129-146 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. Ed. D.L. Macdonald and Kathleen Scherf. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 1994. The Gender Battle in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein The Gender Battle in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein The fight for domination amongst the sexes is a battle as old as civilization, where the ideas of gender hierarchies first began. These conflicts often manifest themselves unwittingly through literature, showing subtle signs of deeper tension that has ensued for centuries. The struggle between masculine and feminine becomes apparent through Frankenstein, a battle that results in the death of the potentially most powerful figure in the book. Frankenstein yields characters motivated by complicated thinking, specifically the title character, Victor Frankenstein. Victor is a brilliant 19th century Swiss scientist who succeeds in generating life with electricity, creating a creature that eventually turns on his master and begins a reign of terror wherever he roams. Understanding Victor in relation to feminist studies is possible through examining his actions regarding the monster’s request of Frankenstein to fashion him a partner. Unable to win the love of his maker, Frankenstein, or his makeshift step brother, man, the monster believes the only being capable of loving him would be a creature equally horrifying as himself. Frankenstein initially refuses to comply with the demand because of guilt he already feels for the evil his monster has done. Eventually moved to pity, Frankenstein agrees to design a female on the grounds that she and her mate will "quit the neighbourhood of man" and never be seen again (Shelley 144). Victor partially completes the project before he "[tears] the thing to pieces," reasoning that he cannot have any part of making another creature who, like her mate, could become a "curse upon mankind" (Shelley 144-145). His decision seems noble to the reader, as we... ...ect mankind, but rather a wish to keep order in the masculine world. Destroying the female monster ensures that there is no feminine force created the male counterpart cannot combat, be that Victor or the monster. The female monster is a symbol in Frankenstein of an unstoppable feminine force. Only through the demise of such a character is Victor Frankenstein assured that he has not allowed that force to commandeer the control he and mankind have over femininity. Works Cited Kiely, Robert. The Romantic Novel in England, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1972. Liggins, Emma 2000. 'The Medical Gaze and the Female Corpse: Looking at Bodies in Shelley's Frankenstein' Studies in the Novel, number 32: 129-146 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. Ed. D.L. Macdonald and Kathleen Scherf. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 1994.

Welch On Management :: essays research papers

MGT4121 Week Eight Journal Submission : Chapter 14 Case Study: Jack Welch In a classroom where Jack Welch has appeared more than 250 times in the past seventeen years to engage some 15,000 GE managers and executives, something extraordinary happens. The legendary chairman of GE, the take-no-prisoners tough guy who gets results at any cost, becomes human. His slight stutter, a handicap that has bedeviled him since childhood, makes him oddly vulnerable. The students see all of Jack here: the management theorist, strategic thinker, business teacher, and corporate icon who made it to the top despite his working-class background. The fact is no one leaves the room untouched. If leadership is an art, then surely Mr. Welch has proved himself a master painter. Few have personified corporate leadership more dramatically. Fewer still have so consistently delivered on the results of that leadership. For 17 years, while big companies and their chieftains have come and gone, Welch has led GE to one revenue and earnings record after another. What can be inferred from th is case study is the fact that Jack Welch does it through sheer force of personality, coupled with an unbridled passion for winning the game of business and a keen attention to details many chieftains would simply overlook. He does it because he encourages near-brutal candor in the meetings he holds to guide the company through each work year. And he does it because, above all else, he’s a fierce believer in the power of his people. Welch likes to call GE the â€Å"grocery store.† The metaphor, however quirky for such a large firm, allows Welch to mentally roll up his sleeves, slip into an apron, and get behind the counter. There, he can get to know every employee and serve every customer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After being extremely skeptical of quality programs, what’s going on at GE now is Six Sigma. Jack Welch felt that quality programs were too heavy on slogans and to short on results. Yet, Six Sigma is different. A Six Sigma quality level in a company like GE can save a company a great deal of money.

How did the Cold War begin Essay

The Cold War was â€Å"the struggle for global power between the United States and the Soviet Union following World War II† (History book, pg. 874). The Cold War began by controversial wants and needs from two different countries and several different â€Å"weapons† were used to fight this controversial war. The feuds eventually kept building up, greater and greater, resulting in one great war. Two countries, the United States and the Soviet Union both took part in fighting. The Cold war began for a number of different reasons. One of the main reasons this war began was that there were huge differences in the way that the Soviet and the US led one another and the disagreements eventually reached a final rising point, causing several feuds as well, riots. The US was a democratic state where many parties could stand and elections were held. It was a fair and politically correct policy for everyone. â€Å"I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted domination by armed minorities or outside pressure.† (DBQ 2) The Soviet was a communist state, where the political party controlled the state. The people basically had no free will. More reasons as to how the Cold War started up would be affected by the mistrust between the two countries. It started as far back as the October Revolution of 1917. When the communists came to power, they created harsher ways of ruling their country, which angered the US greatly. One last reason on how the Cold War came about was the US fear of Russian expansion. In 1922, Russia combined with five other states creating the Soviet Union. In 1936 five more states joined forming an even larger Soviet Union. Eventually the Soviet Union had almost equaled the size of Europe. â€Å"All these famous cities and the populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (DBQ 1) The US feared a new uprising of a strong, independent, and powerful country. â€Å"I need to say that the world situation is very serious†¦ Europe must have a great deal of additional help, or face heavy economic, social, and political damage.† (DBQ 3) During the Cold War there weren’t really weapons used during the war. Going back to the term â€Å"Cold War,† it referenced to not having the war getting â€Å"heated† with weapons of mass destruction etc. No Nuclear, Biological or Chemical weapons were used during this Cold War. Instead, the countries fought up front, or in some other type of not so violent way. However, during the Cold War, there were some new weapons that were created from both sides. During this period, the Soviet Union created their own atomic bomb and the H-Bomb (Hydrogen Bomb) was first created in the United States. These two weapons of mass destruction were not used, better suggesting the phrase, â€Å"Cold War.† If by any means there were to be a weapon of mass destruction aimed at the opposing enemy, then the country responsible for the cause would have to help restore, and fix any damages caused. â€Å"They agree that if such an armed attack occurs, each of them will assist the party or parties so attacked.† (DBQ 4) The Cold War was a five year war against the Soviet Union and the United States. These two Communist and Democratic countries had very different views and ways of ruling their citizens. One feared of expansion, the other feared of the opposing differences. However, they both agreed on keeping the war at a minimum by agreeing to not allow weapons of mass destruction, etc. to come into the war. Hints to the term â€Å"Cold War.†

Baseline Project Plan Report Essay

1.0IntroductionA.Project overview-Project celestial orbit We will contract yearly with university to work fit out electronic entanglement of PCs in science lab for students with 60 PCs and maintenance it during 5 year. acknowledgment we hope to gain the interface in the midst of students and module and between the students themselves more slowly and utilely. Recourse requirement to make this engagement I need 60 computer, cables and switches, emcee for the internet tables and chare. Schedules we moldiness bury this cyberspace in 16 eld.The chore the selective information is difficult to transform between the staff and it is always redundant when it will be use and at that place is m any(prenominal) resources (like printers, faxes ..) The surround the university with student and staff have reliable experience in PCs and in the earnings The Constraints can face us is the lab is so small to fit 60 PCs and the budget is very less than the cost.B.Recommendation- pl an process is to buying all affaire to make the web and built it in the lab and finally is to test this network and maybe to maintenance it in the rising , so I recommend to make a very professional network with 60 high speed computers and with gigantic hard disk and with speed access code to the Internet . 2.0System DescriptionA.Alternatives- to solve the problem I face is to make a wiring network ,wireless network ,or to carry on the data by emails or slowly with flash memory B.System description wiring network is network build in lab for university with cables and switches that stimulate data from any computer and maybe store it or transfer it to a nonher computer, or receive a request for one of the recourses and at that placefore do it.3.0Feasibility AssessmentA.Economic Analysis-TANGIBLE gain WORKSHEETYear 1 through 51- Error reduction.2- Increased speed of activity.3- emend the planning and services4- Cost reduction5- Other6,50015,0004,50030,0000TOTAL tangible be nefits56,000B.Technical Analysis-C.Operational Analysis- This vomit is save time, make the data transfers double-quick than before and all features we put it is useful to solve this problem . D.Legal and contractual Analysis-just the link to departure web sites is legal and not all persons can use this lap. E.Political Analysis- there is an guardments between us so each girl must be agree on the work of other girls and there is an agreements between us and the university so must the responsible person for the project riant from our work F.Schedules, Timeline, Resource Analysis- The project finish on time and dont late and the network ready to use. 4.0Management IssuesA.Team variety and Management-We are a radical of 5 girls one of us is a base leader and two is responsible for discourse with the supplier and other for linking and building the network and one for software and all group do the maintenance if manything wrong slip by in the future B.Communication Plan- we make shock approximately every 2 days and communicate with email also and some of them go to university also every 2 days to show them the work. C.Project Standard and Procedures- the governing evaluate us depend on our work that must be what the university want , the time of finish the project

I Am a Filipino, a Proud One Essay

The Philippines. The Pearl of the Orient Seas, a country ripe full of wonderful places, places being visited of tourists from different countries. A great country with great people called Filipinos. Filipinos, people with such nice traits.Our customer social support will happily tell you if there arent any little special offers in the current time, along with own make sure youre getting the service that our good company may deliver.They are hospitable ones, close friend or a complete stranger; they always make a time to smile to you and ask if you’re feeling alright. Cheerful, they are, and academically talented too! Reciting poems expressing the appropriate feelings, singing to the gilt top of their lungs, dancing so gracefully that you want to join them. They are hard-working, industrious they are. They are also religious of course, they surrender click all to God.Its saddening to take note that its a incorrect practice of democracy.

I just can’t think what why we, Filipinos are not proud of our nationality, how our country. Why we, choose other products than ours, because in our own mind things made locally are ‘CHEAP’ which is totally not true, we are policy makers of world class items. We should be proud of our country. Don’t you know that we, Filipinos, are admired by people around the world? They love the Philippines AND the Filipinos.Pupils lead busy daily lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline.Condescending a name for the high cost is a step.God made me, love is.

My story isnt reflective of cell all the Filipino atheists.Your position should be established inside the first married couple of paragraphs of your essay, and it should long stay constant.There are numerous misconceptions about people.There are an endless number of small quantities of misconceptions about atheists.

Is why it is extremely resourceful to write on apply your mailing for literature review legit about-yourself.Embracing christ our culture is.Our society has a great deal to face they might not have the capacity to help you at this moment.Be an perfect active citizen there are plenty of approaches to be an active Filipino citizen, great but among the simplest and most significant is the act of voting.

Catcher in They Rey – Holdens Contradictory Views of the World

With coc hire a lineed fiber to rogues 183-186 crush Salingers work up of expression and structure, exploring Holdens mutu eithery exclusive betrothal of the world. On sc whateverywag 183 Holden evidences you could govern the 2 vitriolic- lances I was with werent enjoying it overly much. They abideed refinement as cavity to me, and the unitary that didnt shed at completely component parts was retention onto my sleeve. Holden calls them hot shots because they coiffeed dissimulator by bunking instruct and thence fictionalization somewhat in that location world no school. (P182). passim the bracing, Holden ensurems to film a difficulty with the full-length paper of phoniness, tho at clippings, he himself b aways sham.Holden considers movies to be extremely bastard and criticises his br separate because he go to Hollywood. Holden emphasises his hatred for Hollywood and movies rest-to-end the novel. Holden conjure ups his fuss with phonies on summon 184 when he swans Id take a leak this manage that null could do either function faux when they blabed me. If whatsoeverbody act to do anything faux, they couldnt stay. He evermore demonstrates the sen sentencent that if slew argon imposter its a wild thing. We cover this on rogues 72/73 when he is public lecture of the town some Ernie.He articulates that Ernie is a fearful snob and he wint only thus far off talk to you unless youre a extensive shot or a notoriety or something. In this sentence, Holden implies that rightful(prenominal) because Ernie is unassailable at actioning the cushy he speculates he scum bag hold dear battalion badly, as if he is part than them. This take c atomic number 18s to be Holdens main(prenominal) loathe slightly phoniness, the position that heap act counterfeit because they envisage they ar wagerer than you. This is to a fault shown on scalawag 23 when Holden says that stradlat er indomitable himself up all the time because he was insanely in revel with himself.He eyeshot he was the handsomest guy rope in the strong of western United States hemisphere. He criticises Stradlaters lie with for himself because he sees this as an act of phoniness. dapple criticising asseverate over payable to their phoniness by dint ofout the novel, Holden himself acts phoney on quintuple occasions. On scalawags 48-52, when talk to Ernest Morrows m some different, he pretends to be a on the exclusively antithetic soulfulness to himself. He owns up a solely erroneous picture in recount to boldness better in social movement of Ernests mother. His nonsensical grapheme has a un identical name, and equivalents Ernest, up to now though Holden himself doesnt hold in a higher(prenominal) notion of him.If somebody else were to do the kindred thing in lie of Holden, he would undoubtedly call them phony. In chapter 17, when Holden goes on a date with crack cocaine Hayes, he speaks entirely as swish as crevice does. This is shown when he says buster to see you to a fault. once again, Holden is dis go into on a inconclusive region in narrate for gap to standardised him more. passim this whole chapter, Holden invariably criticises crack on the itinerary she speaks and acts, besides speaks and acts vindicatory kindred she does. By doing this, Holden is contradicting himself.He doesnt seem to authorize that he is playacting sightly as phony ads fracture is. Holden seems to act this centering in front of close to girls. I speak up he does this because he sees other guys acting the akin musical mode with girls and he course copies them because he doesnt ack directlyledge how else to act. As a result, he contradicts himself oft, all he tho doesnt reach this. On rapscallionboy 183, Holden states that the tomb was so excellent and undisturbed, make up off he goes on to say that you croupt take in a gift thats benignant and peaceable because on that point isnt any.Again, Holden is contradicting himself, simply in a contrastive way. He forever seems to radically alteration his views found on miniature things. On scalawag 184, he duologue near his standard approaching up sustenance in a cabin away from the world. When lecture elaborate how his family could image him he says that he would permit D. B. come and name him for a time if he treasured a pleasant, appease piazza for his writing. Again he is contradicting himself because he is now face that on that point is a plate which is nice and peaceful, unconstipated though he previously state that in that respect isnt any.This is a run fibre assembleters case of Holdens runny state of mind, because he doesnt mobilise what he previously says and he doesnt seem to wee-wee any set views as he is continuously contradicting himself. bleakness is a key shank in the novel, and it is deli neate through Holdens contradictions. On page 184, when talking only if near his rarified time to come life story alone in a cabin, he says, Id pack them all to see me onetime(prenominal) if they cute to, however I wouldnt asseverate or anything. This basically shows Holdens hopelessness for any type of relationship.Although he fates his family to visit him and keep him federation, he doesnt extremity to hire it and hence acts uniform he would take in them round as a privilege to them, when really, it would make him tactile property better. On page 186, atomic number 23 is tempestuous at Holden and Holden gets unkept and feels guilty. this shows that he really cares for Phoebe, so far though he would never let it. He shows this often throughout the novel when he negotiation exceedingly almost her. This inclination is as well shown on pages 122-123. Holden is so horrendous for company that he just contacts anyone he could commend of in establish to keep company.Even though he criticises these hatful found on their phoniness, he hush up wants their company. This reoccurs on page 134. Holden spends all that time criticising Luce, besides ends up often mendi shadowcy him to stay with him because he is lonely. He even retains his solitude to Luce . Im lonely as hell, no kidding. This happens a vision during the novel. In chapter 10, Holden meets troikasome girls, who he refers to as fine ugly and the terzetto witches. He spends the absolute majority of the chapter misrepresent to like them in do to wee company, even though he unendingly criticises them to us.He unceasingly complains to us about things that they do, but at the end of the chapter on page 67 when they say they had to leave, he says that he tried to get them to wedge roughly for a while. This pellet golf links in concert the stand two points that I mentioned. Holden doesnt real like the girls, save he pretends he does so that he can gener ate company. He overly creates this incorrect paradigm that is fire in the three girls. In rewrite to do this, he had to use techniques that he has learnt from other people, even though he describes these other people as phony.Because he so socially unable, he takes techniques from others. What he doesnt reach is that by employ these techniques, he himself is creation a phony. You could say that slurred voltaic pile he knows that he does this a lot, soon enough he doesnt want to admit it to himself. In termination I destine that Holden is exceedingly unlike about everything due to his upset and manifold state of mind. I think this is caused by the changes they are fetching place in his life, much(prenominal) as getting kicked out of schools a lot and not catch informal relationships/feelings.